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128
COMPUTE!
February,
1981.
I"ue
9
'Ii
A Terminal
For
"KAOS"
(Kim!
Aim!
OSI!
Sym
Bruce Land
Baltimore, MD
A
"terminal"
is
what
you use to
send
messages to
the
computer
and
to receive messages from it.
KIM
and
SYM
have
a
terminal
built
in -- a
hex
keypad to
send
messages,
and
a 6-digit
hex
LED
panel to receive
them.
The
arrangement
is
simple,
economical (in initial cost, at least),
and
slow.
Sooner
or
later,
one
tires
of
using
only
the
onboard
hex
pad
and
6-character
LED
display,
and
yearns
for
an
ASCII
keyboard
and
CRT
display.
Rockwell's
AIM
has
a
keyboard,
20-character
display,
and
20-character
printer,
and
Ohio
Scien-
tific's
Superboard
has
a keyboard, video
board,
and
RS232
output;
even so, owners
of
these
other
popular
6502 systems sometimes
want
an
external
video
board
to display
longer
lines.
Many
articles
on
how
to
attach
different com-
binations
of
keyboards
and
displays
have
been
published.
Let's
look
at
some
of
the pros
and
cons of
different systems,
and
then
at
the
one
I chose. I
believe
the
one
I chose is, for a
one-board
system,
about
the most cost-effective
method
of
obtaining
a
very versatile
ASCII-plug
keyboard
input
and
a
memory-mapped
video
output
to a
CRT
display.
Of
all the ways to
obtain
ASCII
I/O,
the
simplest
and
perhaps
the cheapest
is
to use a parallel-
connected
keyboard
and
a video
RAM
display.
Hal
Chamberlin,
in
"Software
Keyboard
Interface with a
Pittance
of
Hardware"
(Kilobaud,
January
1978),
discusses how to install
an
unencoded
keyboard
as a
software
scanned
device
connected
to a PIA-type
parallel
input
port.
This
uses a
minimum
of
hard-
ware,
and
not
much
CPU
time.
The
OSI
C1P
and
C4P,
the Apple, the
PET,
and
others use a
similar
method
to
connect
their keyboards.
Chamberlin
gives complete schematics
and
KIM
software. Software for
other
6502 systems would be
very similar.
The
hardware
will work with
any
port
and
should cost less
than
$30.
Don
Lancaster
announced
the
first
KIM
pseudo
"video
RAM"
in
Kilobaud
Uune
1977)
and
in
Popular
Electronics
Uuly
1977).
Complete
schematics
were published,
and
some software. Kits were
marketed
for
about
$35
by
PIA
Electronics,
Inc.,
1020
W.
Wilshire Blvd.,
Oklahoma
City,
OK
73116.
This
system relied on
the
CPU
to
run
the display,
and
while
the
CPU
was
busy
elsewhere
the
video
was blank.
For
continuous
display it was necessary to
write software to have the
CPU
maintain
the
display
and
run
the
program
at
the
same
time.
A
foreground/background
type
of
operation
is
needed,
and
this
can
get quite complicated.
The
amount
of
CPU
time
required
for the Lan-
caster display varies,
but
you
can
get
an
idea
from
the
hex
keyboard
scan
and
display
of
the basic
KIM.
There,
about
20%
of
the
CPU
time is
spent
on
I/O
software.
To
use the
Lancaster
system, decide how
much
delay you
can
tolerate in
keyboard
response,
how
long
you
want
to display,
and
how
often you
will scan the
keyboard
for
an
entry
--
five times a
second, ten,
or
more
--
and
write
your
software
accordingl
y.
Anything
you store in a
true
video
RAM
memory
location will
be
output
as a composite video
signal
and
displayed.
The
display
is
refreshed with
TTL
logic,
not
CPU
time. A software-scanned
keyboard
and
a video
RAM
are
the fastest way to
make
an
entry
and
get
an
ASCII
character
displayed. A video
RAM
is
about
the
only practical
way to
do
animated
graphics.
M.T.V.,
P.O.
Box 12106,
Raleigh,
N.C.
27605, now sells a true video
RAM
for approxi-
mately $300, assembled
and
tested.
The
M.T.U.
board has
3-20
X 200-bit resolution (64,000 bits,
or
about
8K
of
RAM),
which
is
the highest I have seen.
The
big
disadvantage
of
a video
RAM
driven
CR
T display is the lack
of
softwre compatibility.
Almost all,
maybe
95%
of
the
software published for
KIM,
AIM,
or
SYM,
is
built to
run
with
the
respec-
tive
ROM-based
monitor
program.
That
means
you
will
have
to rewrite the
I/O
of
the software to
run
with a parallel
keyboard
and
a video
RAM.
If
you
expect to write
or
adapt
most
of
your
software, then
this
method
is very attractive; if you
don't
want
to
write a lot
of
special
I/O
programs,
you should think
twice before going this way.
A
"6502
Video
Driver
Routine"
software
package
is
available for
KIM
from
Forethought
Pro-
ducts, 87070
Dukhobar
Rd.,
Eugene,
OR
97402,
(503) 485-8575.
It furnishes cursor
movement,
line
and
page
functions, scrolling, etc.,
and
should save
the good
programmer
some time. Video
RAM
cards
are
made
by
several
other
manufacturers:
Matrox
Seitenansicht 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 ... 15 16

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Seite 1 - Baltimore, MD

128COMPUTE!February,1981.I"ue9'IiA TerminalFor"KAOS"(Kim!Aim!OSI!SymBruce LandBaltimore, MDA"terminal"iswhatyou use tose

Seite 2 - Seawell little

February,1981.Issue 9COMPUTE!1378688DISPLAY;RESTORE;X-REGISTERAND;ACCUMULATOR; TIMEON; DISPLAY;SETNUMBEROF; TIMEOUTS FOR DISPLAY;SETLENGTHOF; TIMEOUT;

Seite 3 - 110 levels.)

138COMPUTElFebruary,1981Issue 9ExpandingKIM-Style6502SingleBoardHalChamberlinComputersEditor's Note:Halendedhisfirstinstallment with this·.."

Seite 4

February,1981Issue9.COMPUTE!139FIG.3.FRONTVIEWOF192KRAMTESTSYSTEMFIG.4.REARVIEWOF192KTESTSYSTEMSHOWINGMOTHERBOARDSWIREDTOGETHERA.ADDRESS•••••1 BUSB.DA

Seite 5 - T:'

100A=IJSR(~"8B86" ,0)110 A=42572:POKEA,I:POKEA+l,2:POKEA+2,255120FOR1=0TO29130POKE300+1,PEEK(:35960+l)140NEXTI150POKE331),%160PRINT"AFT

Seite 6 - Any Others

COMPUTE!BOX 120ALLAMUCHY, N.J. 07820201-362-6574February,1981Issue 9--------------------------~-------ru~I-D~...JIinc.HUDSONDIGITALELECTRONICSINC.THE

Seite 7 - Owen Sound, Ontario

142COMPUTE!February,1981Issue 9Theory Of OperationThekey to the successofthis schemeisin the factthatthe MicrosoftBASICinterpretersautomaticallyrecalc

Seite 8 - ASSOCIATES

__F8_b_ru_o_r,v19_81__I--=SS-=-U8=---.:..-9--.::C~0~M~P~U~T=E!143AIM65BYROCKWELL INTERNATIONAL$79.0099.0050.00AIM65is fully assembled, tested and warr

Seite 9 - COMPUTE!

~FebrUFry,1981IS_s_ue_9,.C=-O.:.M:..:.:.:...P.:.UT~E=_!_129(580P GAndoverAve.,Montreal,QuebecH4T1H4~Canada,telephone(514) 735-1182) has severalmOdtls

Seite 10 - * * * DISPLAY ROUTINE * * *

130COMPUTE! February1981Issue9---~------------------------------------------Evenifhardcopy will beneededatsome stage,thereareadvantagesinbeingable tow

Seite 11 - Computers

Seite 12 - KIM, AIM

132COMPUTE!Februory,1981,Issue9,FIGURE2POWERSUPPLYFUSE~1----..'T{-C-1--;VDC117 VACT:'I,II:L---Yi_-<-__L6.3VACPARTSLISTTlTransformer6.3 VA

Seite 13 - Programs

which will talknotonly withKIMbutalso withtime-sharing systemsanywhere,I consider it a veryefficientandcost-effectivemeansofobtainingASCIIinput/output

Seite 14 - THE TASK* MASTERS

134COMPUTE!February,1981.Issue9.~!M~fleClockOwen Sound, OntarioThereare lotsofclockprogramsaround,butthisoneisa little different,anda lotmoreusefultha

Seite 15 - Conclusion

February.1981.Issue9.COMPUTE!FACTORYPRICINGINSTOCK!IMMEDIATEDELIVERY!R~~s--OO~~~\'s651£C\,\~OlOGN-ltJ.OSPLUS•MPS6550RAMforPET•MPS6530-002,-003fo

Seite 16 - --.::C~0~M~P~U~T=E!

136COMPUTE!February.1981Issue 90230ACCESS.DEs8B860240IFR2.DESA405;FLAGFORDISPLAY TIMER0250DISBUF.DE$A6400260URCVEC.DE$A66D0270IRQVEC.DESA67E0280CLRINT

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